Online shopping for Books from a great selection of Small Animal Medicine, Food Animals, Equine Medicine, Bovine Medicine, Anatomy & Physiology, Surgery & more at everyday low prices.

Objective To evaluate the severity and extent of lung disease using thoracic computed radiography (CR) compared to contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) of the thorax in calves with naturally occurring respiratory disease and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing contrast-enhanced thoracic multi-detector MDCT examinations in sedated calves. Furthermore, to evaluate if combining CR or MDCT with respiratory scoring factors will improve prediction of the chronicity of pulmonary disease in calves. Results Thoracic MDCT was superior for evaluation of pneumonia in calves due to the lack of summation in all areas of the lungs. Intravenously administered sedation provided an adequate plane of sedation for acquiring MDCT images of diagnostic quality, without the need for re-scanning. A diagnosis of pneumonia was made with equal rate on both thoracic CR and MDCT.

Although mild differences in classification of lung pattern and extent of lung disease were seen when comparing an experienced and a less experienced evaluator, the overall differences were not statistically significant. The best intra- and inter-observer agreement was noted when evaluating the cranioventral aspects of the lungs in either modality.

Clinical respiratory scoring is inadequate for diagnosing chronicity of pneumonia in calves with naturally occurring pneumonia. Introduction Respiratory disease in cattle is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feedlots, and the most common cause of morbidity in weaned dairy calves (). Early diagnosis of disease is essential to reduce the risk of disease propagation and to decrease the financial costs from treatment and loss of animals. Furthermore, early diagnosis promotes good quality of life for the patient, improves response to treatment, and decreases the likelihood of prolonged morbidity following juvenile pneumonias (, ). Calves with respiratory disease often present with fever, cough, and tachypnea. Auscultation is commonly used to further evaluate the lungs.

However, several of these clinical findings have been proven unreliable to diagnose pneumonia in calves. As such, diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease remains a diagnostic challenge. Thoracic radiography is the most commonly used test of choice to evaluate for pneumonia in human and veterinary patients. Radiography of the thorax of large animals can be limited to having only lateral projections of the thorax available for interpretation and by inadequate penetration due to the size of large animals and equipment limitations; however, its practicality including its use in field conditions, low cost, and widespread availability make it one of the most common used techniques to evaluate the thorax in large animals with respiratory disease (–). Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax is considered the modality of choice to evaluate for the presence of lung disease in human patients and is increasingly used in veterinary patients (). Thoracic CT has proven to be helpful for evaluating the extent of pulmonary disease and provides better anatomic detail due to a lack of superimposition of anatomical structures (). The use of CT in calves is often limited by the cost and lack of availability of a CT scanner close to a calf rearing operation.

Here you can download polysics action shared files: Polysics polysics or die!!!! [192k] (2004.5.19).rar from 4shared.com 75.19 MB, Mogwai - Rock Action.zip from mega.co.nz 110.36 MB, Franz Ferdinand - Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action - 2013.zip from mega.co.nz 80.08 MB, franz ferdinand - right thoughts right words right action.rar from mega.co.nz 80.16 MB. About File Formats. MP3 is a digital audio format without digital rights management (DRM) technology. Because our MP3s have no DRM, you can play it on any device that supports MP3, even on your iPod! KBPS stands for kilobits per second and the number of KBPS represents the audio quality of the MP3s. Here you can download polysics shared files: Polysics.zip from mediafire.com 63.09 MB, polysics - polysics or die!!!! [192k] (2004.5.19).rar from 4shared.com 75.19 MB, Polysics polysics or die rar from mediafire.com (76 MB), Polysics 2009 absolute polysics rar from mediafire.com (54 MB).

Furthermore, CT examinations of the thorax are commonly performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation to allow using breath-hold techniques, which decrease the risk of respiratory motion (, ). However, calves with severe respiratory impairment due to pneumonia often have an increased anesthetic risk. Although CT scanning protocols have been described for awake and sedated patients including for normal cats and cats with upper airway obstruction and intrathoracic disease, dogs with acute abdominal signs, and dogs with traumatic pelvic fractures, as well as healthy sedated foals neither has been evaluated in calves to date (–). Our objective was to compare the severity and extent of lung disease using computed radiography (CR) compared to contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT (MDCT) of the thorax and further determine the feasibility and safety of performing thoracic MDCT examinations in sedated calves with naturally occurring respiratory disease. We hypothesized that thoracic CR would be sufficient to diagnose lung disease in calves; but that MDCT in sedated calves could be safely performed and would provide more information about the extent of lung involvement. We further wanted to evaluate if combining CR or MDCT with respiratory scoring factors will improve prediction of the chronicity of pulmonary disease in calves. Study Population Thirty privately owned pre-weaned Jersey heifer calves with naturally occurring respiratory disease ranging in age between 25 and 89 days (50.5 ± 18.8 days) were included in the study.