Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • Applications [ ] Every electric motor has to have some sort of controller. The motor controller will have differing features and complexity depending on the task that the motor will be performing. The simplest case is a to connect a motor to a power source, such as in small appliances or power tools. The switch may be manually operated or may be a or connected to some form of to automatically start and stop the motor. The switch may have several positions to select different connections of the motor.

This may allow reduced-voltage starting of the motor, reversing control or selection of multiple speeds. Overload and over current protection may be omitted in very small motor controllers, which rely on the supplying circuit to have over current protection. Small motors may have built-in overload devices to automatically open the circuit on overload. Larger motors have a protective overload relay or temperature sensing relay included in the controller and or for over current protection. An automatic motor controller may also include limit switches or other devices to protect the driven machinery. More complex motor controllers may be used to accurately control the speed and torque of the connected motor (or motors) and may be part of systems for precise positioning of a driven machine.

For example, a numerically controlled will accurately position the cutting tool according to a preprogrammed profile and compensate for varying load conditions and perturbing forces to maintain tool position. Types of motor controller [ ] Motor controllers can be manually, remotely or automatically operated.

They may include only the means for starting and stopping the motor or they may include other functions. An electric motor controller can be classified by the type of motor it is to drive such as,, series, separately excited,. A motor controller is connected to a power source such as a battery pack or power supply, and control circuitry in the form of analog or digital input signals. Motor starters [ ]. See also: A small motor can be started by simply plugging it into an electrical receptacle or by using a switch or circuit breaker.

L293D Motor Driver. L293D is a 16 pin motor driver IC consist of quadruple half H drivers. It can simultaneously control the direction and speed of two DC motors. L293d is a suitable device to use for stepper motors, gear motors etc. The IC has an operating voltage range from 4.5 V to 36 V.

A larger motor requires a specialized switching unit called a motor starter or motor. When energized, a direct on line (DOL) starter immediately connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Reduced-voltage, star-delta or soft starters connect the motor to the power supply through a voltage reduction device and increases the applied voltage gradually or in steps. In smaller sizes a motor starter is a manually operated switch; larger motors, or those requiring remote or automatic control, use magnetic. Very large motors running on medium voltage power supplies (thousands of volts) may use power as switching elements. A direct on line (DOL) or across the line starter applies the full line voltage to the motor terminals, the starters or cubicle locations, can usually be found on an ELO drawing.

This is the simplest type of motor starter. A DOL motor starter also contains protection devices, and in some cases, condition monitoring. Smaller sizes of direct on-line starters are manually operated; larger sizes use an electromechanical () to switch the motor circuit.

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Solid-state direct on line starters also exist. A direct on line starter can be used if the high inrush current of the motor does not cause excessive voltage drop in the supply circuit. The maximum size of a motor allowed on a direct on line starter may be limited by the supply utility for this reason. For example, a utility may require rural customers to use reduced-voltage starters for motors larger than 10 kW. DOL starting is sometimes used to start small,,. In the case of an asynchronous motor, such as the, the motor will draw a high starting current until it has run up to full speed.