Download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics in PDF form 7 Study notes for revision, important questions with answer for CBSE Exams 2018-19. We have seen many queries for Class 9 Science notes. So seeing the demand, we, at Dronestudy.com, have come up with the drafted notes in such a way for the class 9 Science students that they are able to understand the language and the concept themselves without any one's assistance. Dronstudy provides free class 9 science notes of all chapters.

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Ncert Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 8 PDF NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 8 – The d and f Block Elements are very crucial for the students of class 12. Internet explorer remove download prompt. The chapter 12 of NCERT class 12 chemistry book i.e. The d and f block elements introduces various important topics to the students like general properties of the transition elements (d block), physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition metals, ionisation enthalpies, oxidation states, magnetic properties, formation of coloured ions and complex compounds. Class 12 chemistry NCERT solutions for chapter 8 – the d and f block elements provided here can help the students clear all their doubts and understand the fundamentals better.

These solutions are easy to understand and are given in a simple way. Check the class 12 NCERT solution for chapter 8 i.e. The d and f block elements below. The chemistry chapter 8 – the d and f Block Elements is also available as a PDF that the students can download. +2 +4 Nd(60) Ce (58) Sm(62) Pr (59) Eu (63) Nd (60) Tm(69) Tb (65) Yb (70) Dy (66) In the parenthesis are the atomic numbers of the elements are given. Tb after forming Tb4+ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f7. Yb after forming Yb2+ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f14.

Eu after forming Eu2+ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f7. Ce after forming Ce4+ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe]. Q 8.33: Compare the chemistry of lanthanoids with that of actinoids with reference to: (i)chemical reactivity. (ii) electronic configuration (iii)oxidation states Ans: Chemical reactivity In the lanthanide series, the earlier members of the series are more reactive. They have reactivity that is comparable to Ca.

With an increase in the atomic number, the lanthanides start behaving similar to Al. Actinoids, on the other hand, are highly reactive metals, especially when they are finely divided. When they are added to boiling water, they give a mixture of oxide and hydride. Actinoids combine with most of the non-metals at moderate temperatures. Alkalies have no action on these actinoids. In case of acids, they are slightly affected by nitric acid (because of the formation of a protective oxide layer).

Electronic configuration The general electronic configuration for lanthanoids is [Xe] 54 4f 0-14 5d 0-1 6s 2 and that for actinoids is [Rn] 86 5f 1-14 6d 0-1 7s 2. Unlike 4f orbitals, 5f orbitals are not deeply buried andparticipate in bonding to a greater extent. Oxidation states The principal oxidation state of lanthanoids is (+3). However, sometimes we also encounter oxidation states of + 2 and + 4. This is because of extra stability of fully-filled and half-filled orbitals. Actinoids exhibit a greater range of oxidation states. This is because the 5f, 6d, and 7s levels are of comparable energies.

Again, (+3) is the principal oxidation state for actinoids. Actinoids such as lanthanoids have more compounds in +3 state than in +4 state. Q 8.34: Of the elements with the atomic numbers 61, 91, 101, and 109, write down the electronic configurations Ans.